Iron metabolism in heart failure: Mechanisms and therapeutic approaches

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Iron metabolism in heart failure: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.

Metabolismo do ferro na insuficiência cardíaca: mecanismos e abordagens terapêuticas Anemia is frequent in heart failure (HF) patients, and is considered an independent factor for worse prognosis. However, it is not known whether anemia causes worsening of the disease course or is only a sign of the patient's cardiac and systemic impairment. The definition of anemia according to the World Healt...

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Anemia and iron deficiency--new therapeutic targets in heart failure?

Anemia ranges in prevalence from below 10% among patients with mild heart failure symptoms to over 40% for patients with advanced disease.1 Its prevalence is similar among patients who have systolic dysfunction and among patients who have heart failure with preserved systolic function.2,3 Anemia has been associated with older age, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal dysfunction, more advanced hear...

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Iron deficiency and heart failure: diagnostic dilemmas and therapeutic perspectives

Iron is a micronutrient essential for cellular energy and metabolism, necessary for maintaining body homoeostasis. Iron deficiency is an important co-morbidity in patients with heart failure (HF). A major factor in the pathogenesis of anaemia, it is also a separate condition with serious clinical consequences (e.g. impaired exercise capacity) and poor prognosis in HF patients. Experimental evid...

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Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem in Western countries. Despite significant progress in pharmacological and device-based treatment, the disease burden imposed continues to increase, particularly as the population ages. HF incidence approaches 10 per 1000 after age 65 years.1 Congestive HF is the final consequence of diverse cardiovascular disorders, including atherosclerosis, cardiom...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)

سال: 2015

ISSN: 2174-2049

DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2015.10.016